Karate Terminology

Key Japanese Terminology

Understanding Japanese terminology is essential in Shotokan Karate. This guide covers common terms you'll hear during training, from basic commands to technique names.

Common Commands

Essential dojo instructions and commands

  • YoiReady / Prepare
  • HajimeBegin
  • YameStop
  • ReiBow
  • SeizaFormal sitting position
  • MokusoMeditation / Close eyes
  • KiritsuStand up

Numbers

Japanese counting system used in training

  • IchiOne
  • NiTwo
  • SanThree
  • Shi/YonFour
  • GoFive
  • RokuSix
  • Shichi/NanaSeven
  • HachiEight
  • Ku/KyuNine
  • JuTen

Basic Techniques

Fundamental striking and blocking techniques

  • TsukiPunch
  • GeriKick
  • UkeBlock
  • DachiStance
  • GyakuReverse
  • OiStepping
  • KimeFocus/Power

Training Elements

Different aspects of karate training

  • KihonBasics/Fundamentals
  • KataForms
  • KumiteSparring
  • BunkaiApplication of kata moves
  • Jiyu IpponSemi-free sparring
  • Jiyu KumiteFree sparring

Stances

Basic and advanced stances

  • Zenkutsu-dachiForward stance
  • Kokutsu-dachiBack stance
  • Kiba-dachiHorse riding stance
  • Fudo-dachiRooted stance
  • Hangetsu-dachiHalf-moon stance
  • Sochin-dachiStrong/Immovable stance

Etiquette & Culture

Dojo customs and cultural terms

  • DojoTraining hall
  • SenseiTeacher
  • SempaiSenior student
  • KohaiJunior student
  • OsuRespectful acknowledgment
  • ShomenFront of dojo
  • GiTraining uniform